1. go to Concord's website
2. go under "students" then "library" then "UD lib search"
3. the username is :udlibsearch password: homeaccess
History
"Outsider's knowledge of the west of Africa began with a Portuguese sailor, Pedro de Sintra, who reached the Liberian coast in 1461." Page 9
"The area became known as the Grain Coast because grains of Melegueta pepper, then as valuable as gold, were the principal item of trade." Page 9
"In the beginning of the 19th century the tide started to rise in favour of the abolition of slavery, and the Grain Coast was suggested as a suitable home for freed American slaves." Page 9
"After abortive attempts to establish [[#|settlements]] there, an agreement was signed in 1821 between the officers of the society and [[#|local]] African chiefs granting the society possessions of Cape Mesurado. The First American freed slaves, led by members of the society, landed in 1822 on Pfovidence island at the mouth of the Mesurado. They were followed shortly by Jehudi Ashmun, a white American, who became the real founder of Liberia." Page 9
Ashmun left in 1828 after establishing a government, laws for the settlers, and the beginnings of profitable foreign commerce. Page 9
The First govenor was Thomas Buchanan in 1839. Page 9
"On his death in 1841 he was suceeded by Joseph Jerkins Roberts, the colony's first black governor, who was born free in Virginia in 1809; Roberts enlarged the boundaries of the territory and improved economic conditions." Page 10
Patterson, Donald Rahl., & Holsoe, Svend E. Republic of Liberia. Retrieved from
Britannica is a world educational publisher with products that promote knowledge and learning. The first multi-volume encyclopedia that Britannica published was in 1768, giving 245 years of experience behind the company. Svend, one of the contributing authors of Britannica, is the Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Delaware. Along with being a professor, Svend has written the novel Historical Dictionary of Liberia. His collection on Liberia is the largest collection that Liberia has recorded. Svend received a Ph.D. at Boston University. Donald Rahl Patterson is the Professor of Geography at East Carolina University.
The American Colonization Society “In 1822, the society established on the west coast of Africa a colony that in 1847 became the independent nation of Liberia.”
“During its later years the society focused on [[#|educational]] and missionary efforts in Liberia rather than emigration.”
Jehudi Ashmun’s “aggressive actions quickly increased Liberia's power over its neighbors.”
[[#|Treaty]] created between ACS and African kings to sell Liberia’s land in return for goods, 1825
“By the 1840s, Liberia had become a financial burden on the ACS. In addition, Liberia faced political threats, chiefly from Britain, because it was neither a sovereign power nor a bona fide colony of any sovereign nation. Because the United States refused to claim sovereignty over Liberia, in 1846 the ACS ordered the Liberians to proclaim their independence.”
“In 1825, Christian groups and colonization societies in America advocated for freed African Americans to colonize land in Liberia as an alternative to emancipate slaves in America.”
“Freed slaves would be allowed to cultivate the land of Liberia by utilizing certain [[#|technology]] the United States would introduce to the [[#|country]].”
Sending freed slaves to Liberia was a compromise
“In fear of how African Americans would respond if they were finally emancipated from slavery, colonization societies believed by sending them to Liberia, they would not have to deal with the potential hazardous outcomes of emancipation.”
Post- Independence
Brown, L., Concannon, S., Feely, M., O'Malley, A., Opaskar, P., & Hyde Parsons, M. (2000). The world book encyclopedia of people and places. (Vol. 3, p. 831). Chicago: World Book Inc.
Samuel Doe – president in 1985
“Under Doe, Liberia faced major economic problems.”
“Doe has also had many of his political opponents jailed or killed.”
“A bloody civil war broke out in the late 1980’s and in 1990; Doe was captured by rebel forces, tortured, and killed. Later that year a cease-fire went into effect”
October 1992 – war between new gov’t and opponents
July 1993 – Peace Pact that failed to end civil war
“In 1997, Liberia ended its seven-year civil war, held its first free-elections since 1971, and inaugurated a new civilian government.”
“1989 - National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor begins an uprising against the government” (Sect. Years of Instability)
“1999 January - Ghana and Nigeria accuse Liberia of supporting Revolutionary United Front rebels in Sierra Leone. Britain and the US threaten to suspend aid to Liberia.” (Sect. Border Fighting)
“2006 April - Former president Charles Taylor appears before a UN-backed court in Sierra Leone on charges of crimes against humanity” (Sect. Johnson Sirleaf Elected)
“2006 June - UN Security Council eases a ban on weapons sales so Liberia can arm newly trained security forces.”
“2012 June - Liberia closes its border with Ivory Coast after seven UN peacekeepers are killed on the Ivorian side, by attackers allegedly based in Liberia.” (Sect. Religious Tension
“Liberian independence was proclaimed on July 16th 1847, and its boundaries were expanded.” (page 1) meaning that the United States took the land to use as a home for freed slaves
“The country enjoyed relative stability until a rebellion in 1989 escalated into a destructive civil war in the 1990s that did not fully cease until 2003.” (paragraph 2)
“At the time independence was declared, a constitution based on that of the United States was drawn up.” (page 32)
“They were followed shortly by Jehudi Ashmun, a white American, who became the real founder of Liberia.” (page 31)
“1841 he was succeeded by Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the colony's first black governor, who was born free in Virginia in 1809; Roberts enlarged the boundaries of the territory and improved economic conditions.” (page 31)
July 16th is when the Declaration of Independence was signed, and is now the national holiday.
This is the way to use UD Lib Search at home:
1. go to Concord's website2. go under "students" then "library" then "UD lib search"
3. the username is :udlibsearch password: homeaccess
History
Patterson, Donald Rahl., & Holsoe, Svend E. Republic of Liberia. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/339254/Liberia/
Britannica is a world educational publisher with products that promote knowledge and learning. The first multi-volume encyclopedia that Britannica published was in 1768, giving 245 years of experience behind the company. Svend, one of the contributing authors of Britannica, is the Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Delaware. Along with being a professor, Svend has written the novel Historical Dictionary of Liberia. His collection on Liberia is the largest collection that Liberia has recorded. Svend received a Ph.D. at Boston University. Donald Rahl Patterson is the Professor of Geography at East Carolina University.
Colonization:
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam002.html
- The American Colonization Society “In 1822, the society established on the west coast of Africa a colony that in 1847 became the independent nation of Liberia.”
- “During its later years the society focused on [[#|educational]] and missionary efforts in Liberia rather than emigration.”
- Jehudi Ashmun’s “aggressive actions quickly increased Liberia's power over its neighbors.”
- [[#|Treaty]] created between ACS and African kings to sell Liberia’s land in return for goods, 1825
- “By the 1840s, Liberia had become a financial burden on the ACS. In addition, Liberia faced political threats, chiefly from Britain, because it was neither a sovereign power nor a bona fide colony of any sovereign nation. Because the United States refused to claim sovereignty over Liberia, in 1846 the ACS ordered the Liberians to proclaim their independence.”
http://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/4449
Post- IndependenceBrown, L., Concannon, S., Feely, M., O'Malley, A., Opaskar, P., & Hyde Parsons, M. (2000). The world book encyclopedia of people and places. (Vol. 3, p. 831). Chicago: World Book Inc.
Samuel Doe – president in 1985
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13732188
“1989 - National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor begins an uprising against the government” (Sect. Years of Instability)
“1999 January - Ghana and Nigeria accuse Liberia of supporting Revolutionary United Front rebels in Sierra Leone. Britain and the US threaten to suspend aid to Liberia.” (Sect. Border Fighting)
“2006 April - Former president Charles Taylor appears before a UN-backed court in Sierra Leone on charges of crimes against humanity” (Sect. Johnson Sirleaf Elected)
“2006 June - UN Security Council eases a ban on weapons sales so Liberia can arm newly trained security forces.”
“2012 June - Liberia closes its border with Ivory Coast after seven UN peacekeepers are killed on the Ivorian side, by attackers allegedly based in Liberia.” (Sect. Religious Tension
Independence:
Encyclopædia Britannica World Atlas. (2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.school.eb.com/eb/atlas